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When a supplicant purchased an indulgence, a transfer of the merit accumulated by Christ and the saints to an individual was affected by the church to remit some or all of the penalties otherwise to be suffered in purgatory. A Call for Reformīy 1517, Luther was frustrated with some church practices, notably the sale of indulgences. Despite his use of humanist methods of teaching and writing, Luther gradually arrived at a pragmatic-if somewhat dark-view of the human condition, a philosophy that represented a rebellion against the formally scholastic approach that was a staple of northern Europe’s intellectual climate.
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He began teaching at the University of Wittenberg soon thereafter.įrom 1512 to 1516, Luther’s knowledge of Scripture deepened as he lectured on Genesis, the Psalms, and Paul’s Epistle to the Romans. When the storm passed, Luther kept his vow, entering an Augustinian monastery where he performed well, taking priestly orders in 1507. The impressionable Luther vowed to Saint Anne, the mother of the Virgin Mary, that he would enter the monastic life if he survived the tumult. Luther soon abandoned his law studies, later attributing his decision to an experience in which he was caught outdoors during a terrible thunderstorm in 1505. Hence in 1501, Luther entered the university at Erfurt. Hans wanted Luther to receive an education and hoped that he would pursue a legal career. His father, Hans, a younger son of a successful farming family, had entered the mining industry and married respectably in Saxony. Devout Beginningsīorn in Eisleben, Germany, Luther came from the middle ranks of society, and he was characteristic of the hard-working and sober young men recruited to assume a monastic life in the service of the Catholic Church. The explicit shortcomings that Luther criticized in church practice and belief evolved into a comprehensive assault upon the foundations of Catholic identity and practice, ultimately creating alternative Protestant denominations and launching more than a century of political and religious strife in Europe.
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Religious Wars in Europe (1517–1648) Major Figures Martin LutherĪt the heart of the series of disputes in Europe during the early sixteenth century that eventually divided Christianity into Catholic and Protestant identities was the German monk and theologian, Martin Luther (1483–1546).